Two-dimensional works of art such as paintings, prints and photographs use the principle of balance to organize objects and shapes in a composition. The weight of the shape on the right side is balanced by the number of smaller objects on the left side, and the space that they seem to enfold. This sculpture is asymmetrically balanced. The bird is perfectly centered, each wing extending into an arm of the cross. This silver cross is symmetrically balanced: it's right and left side show the same decoration and cut-outs. The sun is an example of radial balance all its rays are equal in length from the center. The tree is asymmetrically balanced its branches are not distributed equally on each side but their total weight is balanced left and right. The human figure in this diagram is symmetrically balanced the same on the left and right sides of a central axis. There are three different types of balance: symmetrical, asymmetrical and radial. Symmetry and Asymmetry | Balance with Color | Other Types of Balance 5.2 What Are the Different Types of Balance?īalance is part of the principles of art, which are also referred to as design principles these are namely, emphasis, movement, rhythm, proportion, scale, harmony, unity, variety, and contrast.The Artist's Toolkit: Encyclopedia: Balance | ArtsConnectEd If you are not familiar with the principles of art, these act as guidelines or rules, so to say, that assist in composing an artwork into an identifiable format.įurthermore, an art composition consists of the various art elements, of which there are primarily seven. These are, namely, line, form, shape, color, value, space, and texture. All of these elements can be combined in thousands of ways according to the principles of art. Let us look closer at balance in art, which is commonly described as the “visual weight” of an artwork. This can range from painting, sculpture, drawing, or graphic art. The Delivery of the Keys (1481-1482) by Pietro Perugino, Sistine Chapel, Rome Pietro Perugino, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons The “distribution” of the art elements is what determines the type of balance in an artwork. There are usually several types of techniques available in each of the principles of art. These can be utilized in a myriad of ways to apply the principles more diversely. Therefore, when it comes to balance in art, while there are three primary types of techniques we can use, some art sources mention four, so we will discuss the four main types of balance in art below. ![]() Symmetrical balance is also termed “formal balance” in art, which means that there is an equal balance between both halves of the visual composition and the images are identical to each other. This type of balance in art also includes a “mirroring” of halves, which is referred to as “Inverted symmetry”. The composition’s halves are separated by the mid-line or otherwise referred to as the “central axis”. This can be divided into horizontal, vertical, or diagonal sections. Therefore, if the composition is separated horizontally, the top and bottom halves would mirror one another, and similarly, with vertical separation, the left and right halves would mirror one another.Īmerican Cutout of Animals (19th century) by an unknown artist National Gallery of Art, CC0, via Wikimedia CommonsĪlthough symmetrical parts of an art composition are usually identical, these can also differ in slight variations, which is referred to as approximate symmetry. This is when the parts of both halves do not share the same identical or mirroring qualities, although the shapes or sizes may still be similar. Symmetrical balance in visual compositions is widely utilized in art of all modalities. The common characteristics related to it include a sense of safety, harmony, order, rationality, and stability in artwork, however, it can become too boring or monotonous if overutilized. We will find this technique commonly utilized in Academic art from the Renaissance period when the primary genres for artworks also centered around History and Religious paintings.
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